Robyn Pryor of the Parliamentary Library sets out the spin-free spends in the Budget

the big picture: the last all-sector GERD (gross expenditure on R&D) figure dates from 2019-20 when it was 1.79 per cent of GDP. The OECD average then was 2.6 per cent. An Aus update is due in August.

the Fed spend: $12.1bn in ’22-23 – up 3.2 per cent on the previous year but 0.49 per cent of GDP, way lower than the 0.6 per cent average since figures were first kept recorded in 1978-’79. However there is an additional $1bn for science, research and innovation, largely in the Industry and Science portfolio.

on what: the big three outlays are R&D tax measures (26.1 per cent), research block grants for universities (16.8 per cent) and CSIRO (8.3 per cent)